LAND SURVEY

INTRODUCTION
Land survey is the science of measuring and mapping relative positions above, on or under the surface of the earth, or establishing such positions from legal or technical documents. Sometimes, one may also consider the Land Surveyor to be a “professional measurer”. However, the Land Surveyor also deals not only with both mathematical and physical aspects of measuring, but applies them to the legal aspects of boundary law.
Modern technology has changed how the Land Surveyor uses physical measuring and applying mathematics to the work. Modern instruments used to measure the land now reduces the physical labor involved in measuring, and has increased the accuracy. Advancements in computer technologies has increased the speed and reduced errors.
All the information from the site surveying can be used in construction work, planning work, and also civil engineering like building, road, tunnel and others. The surveying data is very important in construction work especially the points or the location.



THE IMPORTANT OF LAND SURVEY AND THE CONTRIBUTION
THE SITE SURVEY MEASUREMENT IS USE BY THE ENGINEER

Surveying is the process by which a surveyor measures certain dimensions that generally occur on the surface of the Earth. Modern surveying equipment, such as EDM's, Total Stations, GPS Surveying and Laser Scanning, allow for remarkably accurate measurement of angular deviation, horizontal, vertical and slope distances. This information is crucial to convert the data into a graphical representation of the Earth's surface, in the form of a map. This information is then used by Civil Engineers, Contractors and even realtors to design from, build on, and trade, respectively. Elements of a building or structure must be correctly sized and positioned in relation to each other and to site boundaries and adjacent structures. Engineers and architects use land surveys when planning major construction projects.



TO LOOKING THE BEST LOCATION OF PROJECT
Then, construction is one of the largest industries in the world. Surveying plays an extremely important role in any construction project. Construction surveying can take many forms. It is used to establish the location and alignment of highways, bridges, buildings, pipes, and other man-made objects. After large-scale projects are completed, an "as-built" survey is performed to locate any modifications that were made to the plans during construction.



THE LAND SURVEY IS NEED TO APPLY PERMIT
The other important of land survey is a copy of the survey is needed when applying for permits for sheds, fences, decks or addition. Zoning approval is required to widen a driveway.During the permit process a Construction Permit Application must state . Provided all the required information has been submitted, permit applications approvals typically take: 4 to 5 days for small projects and 8 to 10 days and longer for larger projects. The construction permit is a legal document permitting the start construction. Building permits must be posted in a window or other prominent place at the construction site. Copies of the approved building plans should be available on site for the Borough Inspectors during inspections.
ONE OF THE DESIGN TEAM IN CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
The land survey also important in constuction of building, the modern industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of paper or computer based designs into reality. A formal design team may be assembled to plan the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts. The design usually consists of drawings and specifications, usually prepared by a design team including architects, interior designers, surveyors, civil engineers, cost engineers (or quantity surveyors), mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, structural engineers, and fire protection engineers.



USE TO DETERMINE THE BORDER OF AREA
The survey can be use to determine the area of the place or project. The border is need so the project is going in the area that given and not over that border.It also determine the ownership of the land and approve to go to that property. If the construction area is over where it should be, it can bring to another problem like sue from the land owner because do the construction at his land without permission and it will distract the construction progress. It also need to prevent any intruder from go inside the construction area.



DETERMINE THE SITE LEVEL, BENCH MARK, AND CONSRUCTION POSITION
Surveying also is needed to calculate the level or contour of the earth, gradient. This information important so it can guide the planner or the contractor in making the plan and building construction. With the data from the surveying, the engineer can make sure the building is always vertical from the beginning of the project until the building is complete even the land is not horizontal.It is very important to make sure the building is vertical or it can can be very dangerous to people. Without the information from surveying, the engineer can’t determine the level of soil and proceed the construction. A survey conducted prior to or while construction is already in progress to control elevation, horizontal position, dimensions, and configuration. The larger the construction project, the more important it becomes to have this kind of control.


THEMATIC MAPPING , SPATIAL ANALYSIS, DATABASE BUILDING
A thematic map displays the geographic pattern of a certain theme or series of attributes. In contrast to reference maps which show many geographic features (forests, roads, political boundaries), thematic maps show where a certain phenomenon exists or coexists with other phenomena. Integrating survey data and tabular statistical data into a G.I.S. can help show locations where specific conditions coexist and can pinpoint areas of primary interest. It is also an important tool for recording and analyzing change over time.



TO DETERMINE THE MONUMENT LOCATION
uses Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to identify area land survey monuments. Surveying also can determine the location of history building.


THE CONTRIBUTION
Surveying had bring many contribution to building construction in Malaysia. With the surveying, we can know the right place of history place. This information is very useful to rebuild the history building like the A Famosa. With surveying, the construction team can know the right or strategic place to build a building.
Surveys for the purpose of providing a certificate of building location on a particular parcel of land on the instructions of lawyers, notaries public, financial institutions, municipal building inspectors or owners. This survey is normally carried out for the protection of an owner to verify building placement set-backs and sitting within and on a lot. It is normally accepted as proof by municipal officials (usually before foundation pouring) that there are no zoning placement problems, and therefore represents a safeguard or protection to the permit holder or investor. Survey Provides boundary and topographic information for a site plan to be used for designing improvements and obtaining the associated government building permits.





THE EXAMPLE

A Famosa can be the example the involvement the surveying in construction. The A Famosa is rebuild using the data that measure by the surveyor. With that they can rebuild again at the right place.


The surveying also can find the strategic place for building construction like the Petronas Twin Tower. With surveying, the constractor can build that tower at the strategic place and also piling at the right place in the construction process.





CONCLUSION
The land survey find your existing building and mark them so that they can easily be identified.
Establish new markers and monuments for missing property corners.
Locate buildings, fences, encroachments and other improvements in relation to the property lines and prepare "As-Built" survey drawings, sometimes referred to as a Mortgage Survey when used for real estate financing.
Perform boundary surveys and prepare boundary maps or "Plot Plan" survey drawings showing the boundary information and proposed building construction for government Building Permit applications.
Collect topographic and As-Built field data, and create topographic and planimetric maps showing contours, elevations, and other existing site information.
Prepare route surveys for roads and engineering design surveys; set construction stakes from engineering or architectural design plans.
Provide positioning surveys to determine exact Latitude and Longitude of features or control points. Appear in court as an expert witness in a lawsuit.